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Lost your job in the Netherlands? Apply for WW (unemployment benefit) within one week

This is for employees in the Netherlands who lose paid work. It covers separate paths for sickness, unpaid wages, working abroad, and residence permits tied to an employer.

WW-uitkering
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Submit your WW application within one week of your first unemployment day.

Send your application to UWV (the employee insurance agency) via Mijn UWV (your online benefit account). You can apply starting 1 week before your first unemployment day and up to 1 week after it. If you meet the conditions, WW pays 75% of your gross WW-maandloon (WW monthly wage) for 2 months, then 70%, with a wage cap applied. Sickness and employer-linked residence permits require separate checks, described below.

This guide is meant for employees in the Netherlands who lose paid work.

How do you apply for WW?

Your first unemployment day is the first day you would have worked if the job had continued. A legal notice period or fictieve opzegtermijn (notional notice period) may push back when WW starts. A fixed-term contract usually ends on the date agreed in it. If you are validly dismissed during your trial period, no notice period applies.

To receive WW, you must be available for paid work. If you are sick when your job ends, tell your employer and look at the sickness route below. If that does not apply, use these application steps:

  1. Find out your first unemployment day and whether any notice period applies.

  2. Collect the information listed below.

  3. Use DigiD (your digital identity) to log in to Mijn UWV.

  4. Send in your WW application during the allowed application window.

  5. Look in Mijn UWV for any requests for more information.

  6. When UWV requests extra information, upload it.

Use UWV's WW application guide to prepare these application details. Keep the extra employment records ready in case UWV requests them:

  • Your DigiD, bank account number, and contact details.
  • Your most recent arbeidsovereenkomst (employment contract) and most recent loonstrook (payslip).
  • The date your unemployment begins, plus the letter, court order, or vaststellingsovereenkomst (settlement agreement) that ends the job.
  • If UWV asks for more information: your CAO (collective labour agreement), recent payslips, and proof of hours, leave, or unpaid wages.

UWV begins reviewing your application once it has all the information. Usually, it makes a decision within 2 weeks. If you applied before your unemployment starts, UWV decides within 4 weeks after your first unemployment day. If you apply later, UWV decides within 4 weeks after you apply. In the decision, check your start date, amount, and end date.

Your first payment can come several weeks after unemployment begins, because you have to wait until you can send the first monthly Inkomstenopgave (income statement). Once UWV receives it, payment usually follows within a few days and no later than 14 days. If the gap before payment leaves you short of money, ask UWV about a one-off advance in the first month. UWV takes the advance out of your first payment.

Who can get WW?

You must meet every condition below. The number of hours required depends on your average working week:

  • You were insured for unemployment, usually through work before you reached AOW (state pension) age.
  • You lose pay for the hours you lose. If your average was at least 10 hours per week, you must lose at least 5 hours. If your average was under 10 hours, you must lose at least half of your hours.
  • In the 36 calendar weeks before your first unemployment day, you worked in at least 26 of them.
  • You are available for paid work right away.
  • No exclusion applies, for example detention, and you did not become unemployed through your own fault.

Illness, pregnancy and maternity leave, or unpaid leave may change the weeks UWV counts in the 36-week period. Self-employment that happened earlier or is still ongoing can also affect the assessment. Ask UWV how it counts your work history.

You must not be verwijtbaar werkloos (unemployed through your own fault). If you are dismissed for an urgent reason that is your fault, that can block WW. Another risk is leaving a permanent job for a temporary job lasting under 26 weeks. Resigning usually means no WW. An exception may apply if staying was unreasonable, for instance because your employer threatened you. Seek advice before you resign.

If the employer started the termination and you agree to it, or you decide not to challenge it, that alone does not make you unemployed through your own fault. The documents must show that the employer took the initiative and that the employee was not at fault.

Can work in another country be counted?

Insured work in the EU (European Union), EEA (European Economic Area), Switzerland, and qualifying UK (United Kingdom) cases can sometimes count toward WW. Request PD U1 (proof of insured work periods) from the foreign benefit body and send it to UWV. Ask UWV whether work in another treaty country counts and what evidence it requires. Apply for Dutch WW on time while you wait for the form.

A grensarbeider (frontier worker) lives in one country, works in another, and returns home at least once a week. Under EU, EEA, and Swiss coordination rules, a frontier worker who is fully unemployed must claim in the country where they live. A frontier worker who is partly unemployed must claim in the country where they are insured for unemployment.

PD U1 records work you did in the past. PD U2 (permission to take unemployment benefit abroad) lets an existing benefit continue while you search for a job abroad, as explained below.

How does the way your job ends change your WW?

How your job ends can affect both whether you qualify for WW and when it starts. Find your situation in the table, then check the exact wording in your documents.

For wide tables, you can scroll sideways.

How the job endsMain WW issue
Fixed term is not renewedApply if you meet the WW conditions. Ending early without a valid early-termination clause can delay WW until the original end date. Refusing a new agency contract can block WW.
Employer dismisses you or a court ends your contractUWV checks the reason for dismissal and whether you were at fault, even when the employer started the process.
Vaststellingsovereenkomst (settlement agreement)The agreement must state that the employer proposed the ending and you did nothing wrong. Check the notice period too.
You resignUsually no WW. An exception may apply if staying was unreasonable, for example because the employer threatened you. Get legal advice first.
Ontslag op staande voet (summary dismissal)UWV checks whether the job loss was your fault. Your wages stop at once; seek legal help to challenge the dismissal.
Valid trial-period dismissalNo notice period applies. Ask the employer for a letter stating that you did nothing wrong.

What does a settlement agreement need to state?

Make sure your agreement covers all of these points:

  • The employer proposed ending the job, and you did nothing that caused it.
  • The grounds for terminating the employment are neutral, or they relate to the employer. No urgent cause exists that would justify summary dismissal.
  • The final date follows the notice period set by the contract, the CAO, or the law. If it does not, UWV uses a notional notice period, and no WW is granted.
  • In the agreement, the end date, final pay, unused leave, and any severance that was negotiated are each recorded separately.

For a settlement agreement, the bedenktijd (reflection period) is 14 days. If the employer did not state that right, you have 21 days.

If a fixed-term contract is ended early and there is no valid early-termination clause, WW can be postponed until the original end date. Before you agree, have the proposed early ending checked.

While you are sick, obtain legal advice before signing. A lawyer, a union, a legal-expenses insurer, or Het Juridisch Loket (the legal advice service) can review the wording for your situation.

To learn the contract rules, read Dutch employment contracts. If you worked via an agency, use the temporary agency work guide.

Can you receive a transition payment in addition to WW?

When the employer dismisses you or decides not to renew your contract, a transitievergoeding (statutory transition payment) usually applies starting from your first working day. There are exceptions, such as dismissal when you reach AOW age. The amount is one third of your gross monthly salary for every full service year, plus a proportional amount for the rest of the period.

Starting 1 January 2026, the maximum is €102,000 gross, or one gross annual salary if that amount is higher. This payment does not lower WW, and it does not have to be reported as WW income. Under a settlement agreement, statutory entitlement is not automatic: you negotiate any severance. Before accepting, have the amount and your route checked.

What happens if your employer cannot pay?

If your employer cannot pay and no court ruling exists yet, send a registered letter requesting your unpaid wages. Tell UWV about the problem. Keep records of your contracts, payslips, hours, leave, and pension.

Wait until UWV confirms a lasting inability to pay or asks you to apply for an uitkering wegens betalingsonmacht (insolvency benefit). Situations that qualify include bankruptcy, suspension of payments, debt restructuring, or comparable permanent non-payment. UWV can cover the following unpaid amounts:

  • Unpaid wages and wage components from no more than the 13 weeks before dismissal.
  • Wages for the notice period, covering no more than 6 weeks after notice.
  • Holiday allowance and unused holiday days owed from no more than the 12 months before leaving.
  • Unpaid pension contributions from no more than 12 months, paid directly to the pension provider.

Warning

The wage guarantee has its own cap

The pay covered is limited to 150% of the maximumdagloon (maximum daily wage). For older amounts or amounts not covered, claim from the curator (insolvency administrator), though payment is not guaranteed. If you are still unemployed when the notice period ends, apply for WW within its application window. The two benefits cover different periods.

How much WW can you get?

UWV calculates your gross WW based on your earlier insured wages.

Wide tables can be scrolled sideways.

CalculationRule
Reference wageUWV normally uses sv-loon (social-insurance wage) from a 1-year reference period.
Dagloon (daily wage)UWV adjusts the reference wage for reserved wage components. It divides the result by the working days in the months when you received wages.
WW-maandloonDagloon × 21.75 for a full month.
Benefit percentage75% in months 1 and 2; 70% from month 3.

From 1 July 2026, the maximumdagloon (maximum daily wage) is €309.91 gross per day. It includes holiday allowance and may change on 1 January and 1 July. When you apply, check the effective date.

UWV usually reserves 8% holiday allowance from gross WW and pays it in May, or within 1 month after WW ends.

For instance, if your WW-maandloon is €2,000, your gross benefit is €1,500 in each of the first 2 months. Starting in month 3, it is €1,400. These amounts are before tax, reserved holiday allowance, and any deduction for new earnings.

UWV withholds wage tax and premiums. Your net amount depends on your situation. If you receive both wages and WW, apply the loonheffingskorting (payroll tax credit) to only one income.

WW is reduced by new earnings, as explained below.

A separate supplement may be provided by a CAO or by a former employer.

When household income is below the social minimum, UWV may assess a toeslag (benefit top-up) under the Toeslagenwet (Supplementary Benefits Act). This top-up has household-income conditions. The IND (Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst, the immigration service) lists it as a public-funds benefit. Before accepting it, check the consequences for your residence.

How long can WW last?

If you meet the wekeneis (weeks test), you get 3 months of WW. For a longer period, the jareneis (years test) usually also applies: work counted in at least 4 of the previous 5 calendar years. The year in which WW starts does not count. Exceptions apply when you move from certain disability benefits to WW.

The calculation of work history below is limited by the legal maximum.

You can move wide tables sideways by scrolling.

Part of employment historyWW added
Weeks test met, years test not met3 months total
First 10 full calendar years of employment history1 month for each year
Further full calendar years up to and including 20151 month for each year
Further full calendar years from 20160.5 month for each year
Current statutory maximum24 months total

Use the end date stated in your UWV decision

The current maximum is 24 months. An earlier plan proposed 18 months. On 26 May 2026, the government said it would pause its unemployment and disability proposals in that form while it seeks a wider agreement. A proposal does not change your WW end date.

What are your obligations while you receive WW?

Your obligations begin when you apply for WW. Follow your UWV letter and Werkmap (online work file). Unless UWV gives you a different arrangement, complete and report at least 4 job-search activities every 4 weeks. People who take part in UWV research may get different instructions. Check the task in your Werkmap.

These activities count toward your task:

  • Applications for vacancies and open applications.
  • Job interviews, assessments, and work-related tests.
  • Signing up with an employment agency, or placing a CV (a document describing your work and education) on a job vacancy website.
  • Talking with someone in your network, or getting in touch with an employer, about job opportunities.
  • Taking part in a job-search workshop, such as a UWV webinar or an online course.

Just looking at vacancies is not enough. You must report your activities via Mijn UWV, the UWV-app, or your Werkmap, and save evidence for at least 2 years. Follow the UWV instructions for reporting job-search activities. You are required to accept and keep work that UWV deems suitable.

Use Finding a job without fluent Dutch for job-search routes and for applying.

Which jobs are you required to accept?

In the first 6 months, work is usually considered suitable if it fits your education, experience, and pay level, and if your commute is no more than 2 hours per day. Once 6 months have passed, jobs that pay less, are temporary, are part-time, or are at a lower level may also be suitable, with travel of up to 3 hours. If you already commuted more than 2 hours a day before, UWV expects you to accept that same longer travel time in a new job.

If you have been out of work for a long time and a job is available in another region, you will generally have to take it, even if that means relocating. If health problems or care responsibilities limit you, talk to your adviser before you turn down work. Turning down suitable work can lead to a temporary reduction in WW or to WW stopping.

Which income and changes do you need to report?

You must send in the Inkomstenopgave each month, even when you have no income. Continue sending it until UWV tells you which statements are still required once WW ends. Make sure you report wages, pension, and any other income UWV asks about accurately.

Tell UWV about work, hours, your residence status, volunteer work, study, and relevant personal changes. In general, you have 1 week to report, but certain changes have shorter deadlines. If you move to another country or move within another country, report it at least 2 weeks in advance. A change of address in the Netherlands usually reaches UWV through your gemeente (municipality); if you get a taxi allowance or mileage allowance, you must inform UWV yourself.

If you provide information late or give incorrect details, you may receive a warning or a fine. Any benefit you were overpaid must be paid back. If you fail to meet your work duties, WW can also be reduced or stopped. UWV looks at your situation before making a decision.

If you also have to complete ONA (Oriëntatie op de Nederlandse Arbeidsmarkt, Dutch labour-market orientation), work you did in the past may make you eligible for an exemption. Check the ONA exemption conditions and application guide.

Are you allowed to work or start a business while receiving WW?

What effect do part-time wages have on WW?

In the first 2 months, UWV usually deducts 75% of your new earnings. Starting in month 3, it usually deducts 70%. You keep the remaining amount on top of the reduced benefit. The calculation may be different if the wage cap applies. These rules come from article 47 of the Werkloosheidswet (Unemployment Insurance Act). If you earn more than 87.5% of your WW-maandloon for 2 months in a row, UWV stops WW. Continue applying for jobs and reporting earnings until UWV confirms that WW has ended.

What route can you take to start a business?

Before you begin business activities, ask your adviser about an onderzoeksperiode (research period). If you get permission, it can last up to 6 weeks. During this time you keep WW and do not have a job-search duty, but you may only investigate and prepare. You are not yet allowed to take on assignments, sell, or run the business.

If you opt for a start period, all of the following conditions apply:

  • UWV reviews your business plan before it gives permission. The startperiode (start period) starts on the first day of a month after WW begins.
  • It lasts 6 months, or until WW ends if there is less time left. WW is reduced by 29%.
  • During this period, hours you work as self-employed and profit you make do not change your WW. You have no job-search duty.
  • You are not allowed to accept assignments from the employer that dismissed you. If you do, WW stops for the remainder of the start period.
  • Send in the Inkomstenopgave every month. Report any paid employment. If you get a UWV top-up, you must also report business income.

When the start period ends, tell your adviser whether you will run the business full-time, run it part-time, or stop it. UWV decides whether WW continues and how it will be calculated. Job-search duties apply again for any hours that are still covered by WW.

You can also start a business without a start period. That route does not require UWV permission, but you must report the business and the hours you work. Your hours affect how UWV calculates the income to deduct from WW, and your job-search duties continue. Before you choose your business route, complete the required online training listed on UWV’s business-from-WW page.

What if you are sick?

What happens if you are sick when your job ends?

Tell your employer that you are sick. Your employer reports this to UWV on your last day of employment. If that day falls on a weekend or public holiday, the report is made on the next working day. UWV assesses Ziektewet (ZW, sickness benefit), usually within 4 weeks after the report.

If you get sick within 4 weeks after your employment ends and you do not have WW, contact UWV by your second sick day. Before you agree to end employment while you are sick, get legal advice: you can lose wage protection and benefit rights. The sick leave guide explains the route.

What happens if you become sick while receiving WW?

Report your sickness through Mijn UWV or the UWV-app by the second sick day. For the first 13 weeks, you usually stay on WW. Continue submitting income statements and follow the duties that are adjusted to your health. After 13 weeks, WW normally stops and ZW begins. Income statements are still required during ZW.

If your sickness is caused by pregnancy, childbirth, or organ donation, WW stops right away and ZW starts. ZW also takes the place of WW if your WW reaches its maximum while you are sick. If you become sick within 4 weeks after WW ends and you have no employer, UWV assesses whether you are eligible for ZW. Call UWV by your second sick day. Report your recovery within 1 day. After a longer ZW period, you may have to apply again for any remaining WW.

Are you allowed to take a holiday or look for work abroad?

How many holiday days are you allowed to take?

WW usually provides 20 holiday days per calendar year. If your WW starts after 1 January, you receive fewer days. If WW ends before 31 December, that does not reduce the allowance. If you reach AOW age within 1 year, you get 65 days instead. Weekends and public holidays do not count as holiday days.

Your WW continues while you are on holiday allowance, and your job-search duties are paused. Report your holiday as soon as you make plans, and no later than 1 day before it begins, including holidays in the Netherlands. Report any changes right away. Days you do not use cannot be carried over or paid out. Taking a holiday follows a different route from taking WW abroad to look for work.

How can you take WW abroad to search for a job?

PD U2 (permission to take unemployment benefit abroad) usually allows you to look for work for up to 3 months in another EU or EEA country or in Switzerland. You must be fully unemployed and still entitled to WW. You normally need at least 4 weeks of WW, availability for work, and registration as a jobseeker. UWV can shorten this period if you are following a partner who will work abroad.

Set up the export by following these steps in sequence:

  1. Let your work adviser know the location and timing of your planned job search.

  2. Ask UWV for form PD U2 at least 1 week before you leave.

  3. Sign up with the employment service in the country you are going to no later than 7 days after your departure from the Netherlands.

  4. Keep submitting Dutch income statements and reports of changes.

  5. Obey the job-search rules that apply in the Netherlands and in the local area.

UWV can add as much as 3 extra months to the export period. You must ask before the first period ends; an extension will not happen automatically. Come back by the date shown on PD U2, unless UWV permits you to return at a later date. Returning late may cause you to lose the entitlement you have left. A normal trip or a move to another country does not by itself make WW export possible.

How are your residence rights affected?

Residence rights are decided by the IND, independently of UWV. WW neither suspends a permit that is based on work nor gives you a right to stay. Check the text on your card and consult the work rights by residence permit guide. For questions about your route, speak with the IND or an immigration adviser.

How much time do you have to find a new employer?

With a GVVA (gecombineerde vergunning voor verblijf en arbeid, single residence and work permit) or a kennismigrant (highly skilled migrant) permit, you usually get no more than 3 months to locate a new employer. When your unemployment begins on or after 22 May 2026 and you have had that permit for at least 2 years, the limit becomes 6 months. The 6-month period may also be available following labour exploitation.

Your search period begins on the date your contract ends and ends no later than the expiry date of your permit. Should no eligible new employer be registered before time runs out, the IND can withdraw your permit. With a GVVA, the new employer has to apply for a new permit. A highly skilled migrant requires an IND-recognised sponsor. None of these search periods alters the deadline for applying for WW.

What happens if your residence is not linked to an employer?

Permits for partners, family members and asylum are usually not connected to a single employer. The income requirements vary according to the residence route and the application. When you renew or submit another application, verify the conditions that apply to you at the IND.

Citizens of the EU, EEA and Switzerland do not require a residence permit. If you are looking for work, register with UWV during the first 6 months. Beyond that point, you have to demonstrate a real prospect of finding work. If you have fewer than 5 years of lawful residence, a claim for a public-funds benefit may lead to an individual residence assessment. Once you hold permanent EU residence, such a claim will not terminate your residence rights. UWV continues to assess WW on its own.

In certain IND applications, WW may be treated as zelfstandig inkomen (independent income), since tax and premiums are paid on it. It counts as duurzaam (sustainable) only when at least 12 months are still left. It also has to satisfy the amount that the application requires.

Bijstand (social assistance) and the UWV supplement under the Toeslagenwet belong to the public-funds benefits. They may have an effect on certain temporary residence rights. Healthcare, rent and childcare benefits fall into a separate category and will not end residence rights. Before you apply, check the rules for your permit route.

What shifts when your income drops or WW stops?

When your income decreases, look again at these budget items:

  • Occupational pension: receiving UWV benefits does not build up employer pension. Your former scheme may continue limited cover, such as payments to your partner if you die. Ask your pension provider which parts continue while you are on WW.
  • Health insurance: if you keep living in the Netherlands and stay insured there, retain your Dutch basic policy and pay the premium. UWV normally pays the income-related healthcare contribution. If you intend to move abroad, before the move ask your insurer or CAK (the agency for healthcare contributions) how to arrange your cover.
  • Toeslagen (allowances): WW is included in your toetsingsinkomen (annual income for allowances). Recalculate your total calendar-year income in Mijn Toeslagen (your online allowance account). Report the change within 4 weeks. A lower income can affect your healthcare or rent benefit.

IOW (income support for older unemployed people) is based on your age and your WW history, as set out in the support conditions. PAWW (private supplement to unemployment and disability benefits) depends on the scheme of your former employer. Bijstand depends on the income and assets of your household.

Wide tables can be scrolled sideways.

Possible support after WWWho can use it
IOWWW began from 1 January 2020 through 31 December 2027. You were at least 60 years and 4 months on your first unemployment day. You used your maximum WW period. WW lasted over 3 months because you met the years test, or a 3-month award was extended with unused earlier WW.
PAWWYour former employer participates through its CAO, and you worked at least 10 years. Check your payslip. Apply from 1 month before WW ends to no later than 1 week after.
BijstandApply through your gemeente. Household income and assets count. Another benefit takes priority. Check any temporary-residence consequences separately.

IOW can be paid while you are in the Netherlands; a holiday abroad is an exception. Taking pension income early may lower your IOW, so check with UWV before you do so.

What should you do if something goes wrong with your WW application?

Each of these situations calls for a different step: a late application, missing records, a gap in payment, or a request to sign while you are sick:

  • You missed the application window: submit your application now. Applying late can lead to temporarily lower WW or no WW.
  • Your employer holds the missing documents: send in your application within the window, then answer UWV’s requests for more information.
  • Your first payment has not come through: check whether you sent in the income statement. Contact UWV about the payment or a possible advance.
  • You are sick and have been asked to sign a settlement: obtain legal advice before you sign. Review the sickness route above.

How can you challenge a decision made by UWV?

Check the deadline stated in every UWV decision. If the start date, wage, duration, refusal, penalty or repayment is incorrect, your bezwaar (formal objection) normally has to arrive at UWV within 6 weeks after the date on the letter. Certain Ziektewet decisions give you only 2 weeks. Use the deadline that appears in your letter.

Pick the route that fits the problem you have:

  • Question or correction: get in touch with UWV, but still keep the objection deadline. A phone call does not take the place of an objection.
  • Objection: dispute the legal or factual basis of the decision. Filing an objection with UWV costs nothing.
  • Complaint: report bad treatment or poor service. A complaint does not take the place of an objection to the decision.
  • Court appeal: once the objection decision has been made, apply to the court named in the letter, usually within 6 weeks. You may use a lawyer but are not required to, and a court fee must be paid.

Warning

Your objection must be sent before the deadline.

If you require more records or advice, file a pro-forma objection (this is an objection whose reasons will follow). Provide all the required details, but leave out your reasons. UWV will then give you a deadline for the reasons. Keep proof that you submitted it, and ask UWV for the documents it used to make its decision.

The original decision stays in force while the review takes place. If you need urgent relief, a court can consider a temporary measure during an objection or appeal. Ask a legal adviser which route is suitable for your situation.

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